coconut oil for cats ears

Note: Pure extra-virgin coconut oil is roughly 65 % 90% saturated fat. Additionally, coconut oil also contains omega-3 fatty acids, which boast impressive anti-inflammatory properties. Externally, Gardner says coconut oil can help with allergies, dry skin, itchiness, and overall coat health. Ingredient Analysis: 100% organic coconut oil (virgin and cold-pressed) is the only ingredient in the product. Problem is that no serious large scale study has been completed to verify that supposition, and realistically no such study ever will take place because the oil is cheap and medical research is expensive coconut farmers arent going to fund it and no-one can really make a buck off it you cant charge prescription charges for coconut oil!if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'kittyinsight_com-large-mobile-banner-2','ezslot_7',181,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-kittyinsight_com-large-mobile-banner-2-0'); Still, if your cat is suffering from these conditions you are going to want to explore every avenue you can to help them and this avenue is unlikely to bring them any additional harm so why not run with it? The healing nature of these properties can help your cats skin recover from bites or scratches. Coconut Oil and Medium-Chain Triglycerides by Bruce Fife, N.D. Coconut Oil: This Cooking Oil Is a Powerful Virus-Destroyer and Antibiotic by Dr. Mercola. Some people advise against it completely, some say only use it topically and some use it orally in moderation. Then get an eye dropper to put a few drops of coconut oil in their ear. In addition to its antiseptic properties, it is also an anti-inflammatory and can be used to ease discomfort from bug bites. For example, giving your cat too much coconut oil can cause gastrointestinal issues like vomiting or diarrhea. Please scroll down to read Earth Clinic reader feedback about the use of apple cider vinegar solution for ear infections in their pets. Gardner says that cat owners who want to use coconut oil to treat or prevent hairballs can give it less often, such as a few times a week. When applied directly to the cats skin, it works as a hot spot treatment and can help with dry noses, paws, and elbows. You can melt coconut oil and add a few drops to your cats ears to help with soothing itchiness, ear wax, and smother ear mites. This will allow the cat to get used to the new supplement. First, it supports fur health, thus decreasing shedding and hairball formation (when coughed up, they irritate the respiratory tract). If you buy something from a link on our site, we may earn a commission. We dog up the details on this lovable breed. Do All Cats Shed? Make note of how your cat reacts and if they are getting better. This item: Petpost | Dog Ear Cleaner - Natural Coconut Oil Solution - Best Remedy for Odor - Dog Ear Problems - Chemical & Irritant Free $18.97 Petpost | Dog Ear Cleaner Wipes - 100 Ultra Soft Cotton Pads in Coconut Oil Aloe Solution - Dog Ear Rinse & Cleanser $16.97 Coconut oil is such a debatable and confusing issue for most cat owners. It is also completely safe, the one and only ingredient being 100% pure coconut oil. Niaouli is a potent antiseptic, which makes it ideal for cleaning our dog's ears. Anant Shastri, WriterAnant Shastri is a published author based in India. Make sure that the oil you buy is virgin coconut oil. Now, if you have a minor stomach upset or constipation it is believed that a dose of these fatty acids (or any other) can help you shift your metabolism up a gear and bring the situation to a resolution in a quicker fashion by stimulating the bowels. The medium-chain fatty acids include an antifungal property that kills the yeast. How does coconut oil get rid of ear mites in dogs? The evidence is not stonewall but is certainly positive enough to warrant taking into consideration. Every cat is different and will have different reactions to this. For an average-size cat, try to give Tsp. Rub the ears and let your cat shake the excess away! Coconut oil should be one of your first stops! Coconut oil has potent anti-inflammatory properties that help with issues such as. Apply Oil Into Ear Canal Finally, use a dropper or teaspoon to dribble a few drops of melted (but not hot) coconut oil into the ear canal. Pet owners are happy the product promotes healthy skin & coat, immune system support, and a healthy GI tract. It may also aide in the relief of skin discomfort and give your dog a sleek, healthy coat. Just be careful that any oil you use is safe for cats. The main benefit of this is that whilst it is a natural disease and parasite destroyer it has little to no effect on the beneficial bacteria in the gut. The fatty acids in coconut are what make the oil a great moisturizer. Plus, it has strong anti-bacterial and antifungal properties, thus preventing common skin health issues and infections. You can try pumpkin or digestive enzymes for overall colon health! Yes, a bit of coconut oil added to the cats food or placed on their nose to remove by licking off can see your cat automatically lubricate their digestive system. Anant Shastri, WriterAnant Shastri is a published author based in India. This is our top pick when it comes to the best coconut oil for cats, thanks to its high ratings on Amazon and Chewy. Im curious your thoughts on using vinegar in my homemade organic cleaner. Her work has been published in PawTracks and Wikimotive. Speak to your vet beforehand, and make sure your cat digests coconut oil without discomfort. Applying softened coconut oil gently to a dog's ear. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. There are several health benefits of coconut oil, and this virgin product is exactly what your cat needs for improved health. Niaouli Oil. Customers give this coconut oil for cats 4.5 out of 5 stars. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Also, excess licking of coconut oil can trigger digestive upset. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Great against seasonal allergies or itch problems, Provides cognitive support and healthy digestion. It works great on your cats dry nose, elbows, ears, and paws, which heals and softens a pets dry skin. Just as coconut oil nourishes and hydrates our hair, it does the same for your cats. Cats get it too, and it can cause bad breath, inflammation, pain, tooth loss, and infections. Coconut oil is also very high in calories. Coconut oil has several health benefits for dogs, and one of them is that it is an effective home remedy for dog ear infections. Summary: This all-natural and organic coconut oil acts as the perfect skin soother. The resulting mixture can be used a few drops at a time in the ears to fight bacterial, fungal or parasite infections in the ear. Calories: 119kcal Carbohydrates: 0.35oz (10g) Protein: 0.14oz (4g) Fat: 0.28oz (8g) Saturated fat: 0.14oz (4g) Polyunsaturated fat: 0.035oz (1g) . The caprylic acid in coconut oil works to remove harmful bacteria, parasites, and fungi from your cats gut, thus resulting in more efficient vitamin and mineral absorption. One of the benefits of coconut oil is that it is a source of omega 3 fatty acids and therefore the use of coconut oil could claim to reduce the progression of these conditions. As long as you understand that coconut oil is not likely to a be cure. If your cat has pancreatic problems or liver problems you should not be putting any additional fats or oils into your cats diet as these will just deepen issues with conditions linked to the liver or pancreas. Will coconut oil kill worms in cats? Why is my cat shedding so much? Their short muzzles, compact bodies, and oversized eyes make this terrier breed absolutely adorable. It is purported to support cell rejuvenation and promote skin health. We recommend you apply the oil to your finger and rub it into the area where the fur stops growing. To soothe it? Just make sure your cat is actually constipated. We have already heard how medium-chain fatty acids might be making metabolisms speed up and help increase bowel movements but there is also this small study which suggests that coconut oil seems to aid fat metabolism in cats and seems to prevent weight gain whilst maintaining lean mass.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'kittyinsight_com-leader-3','ezslot_11',182,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-kittyinsight_com-leader-3-0'); So, if a chubby cat needs to slim down, a bit of this stuff in the diet may be just the tonic to reduce appetite and metabolize fat producing weight loss whilst maintaining those important muscles. I usually recommend fish oilincluding salmon, anchovy, krill. The only ingredient in this product is USDA-certified organic coconut oil. Tea tree oil can also be used to effectively treat comparable maladies in pets. There is good evidence that using coconut oil in your mouth can have quite an impact on the number of bacteria able to survive in the mouth, can reduce gum inflammation, improve breath odor and reduce cavities in humans. Your Question Answered, CBD Oil For Cats With Cancer: A Holistic Option, Cat Arthritis Supplements: Everything you Need to Know + 7 Product Reviews, The Best Taurine for Cats: Our Top 8 Picks Reviewed, The Best Salmon Oil for Cats: Benefits, Reviews, and Our 6 Top Picks, Probiotics For Cats With Pancreatitis: An Ultimate Guide, Prebiotics for Cats: Heres What You Need to Know, The 6 Best Probiotics for Cats with Diarrhea: According to a Veterinarian. Unfortunately, ear mites are considered common -- and they're highly contagious. Your vet can also make product recommendations and advise you on how much product you can safely use. Giving coconut water to your cat is safe and a natural source of electrolytes thats packed with vitamins and minerals. When using coconut oil to treat an ear infection . Review: This coconut oil is excellent as a protector and repair & relief ointment for scaly, dry, and damaged skin. You can use coconut oil for your cats' ears if they have ear mites or if they have wax issues. Once youve been given the all clear, you can give your cat coconut oil topically or orally. Our mission is to provide pet parents just like you with the most up-to-date expert information and resources you need to make better, more informed decisions that support the health and happiness of your companion animals. This helped my pup's skin! Well, all that sounds like a no brainer! To help cat owners find the right product, we have reviewed the best five coconut oil products. Coconut oil and other foods containing MCTs theoretically have antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is the most effective daily defense and best anti-itch topical solution for your pets health & sensitive coat (fit for itching, rashes, cuts, and seasonal allergies). Have you tried that? Coconut oil for dogs can be used as a topical ointment for their bodies, or as a dietary supplement. Let it stay on for a day or so before you remove it with a mild shampoo. This product can also be used as an ear cleaner and, The shelf life of the product could have been better. Its consistency can also smother the adult mites. Then gently massage around their ears. 2) As a Natural Pest Repellent 100% natural, human-grade coconut oil acts as an effective flea and tick repellent. Customers give this coconut oil for cats 4.5 out of 5 stars. To repel parasites that cause problems in the cat's ear, put a pinch of garlic powder in a tablespoonful of coconut oil. I found this coconut oil for cats specifically if youd like to try it. In her spare time, she enjoys reading and writing about true crime, science, and beauty. Most cats like the flavor and texture but others dont and in these cases, you should just use the oil topically rather than trying to force the issue by adding the oil to food. Best High Calorie Cat Food For Weight Gain, 29 Houseplants Safe For Cats (With Pictures), Treating Cats Constipation And Upset Stomach. You can also subscribe without commenting. Its processed in many ways but for our cats, were only concerned with the pure extra virgin coconut oil (food grade, non-hydrogenated) that hasnt been fractionated. 3 surprising things that could be causing it, Every cat loses fur, but this is what to do when your cat sheds a lot. Put oil (mineral oil, olive oil, or coconut oil) into a dropper and squeeze 5 or 6 drops into your dog's ear. How can we use it to help our cats out? Again, do not stick anything into a cat's ear canal. If you want a potent coconut oil with numerous health benefits, this product improves metabolic function and has lesser side effects. Baking soda has some antifungal properties and may provide relief for your itchy feline. Spreading a little of the oil over your cats skin can help soothe itches, scratches, burns, and bites and may reduce cat scooting by bringing the anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties to bear. Not dawn soap, its too abrasive for cats. Gently rub a thin layer of virgin, organic coconut oil to your cat's ear after a thorough cleaning. Replies to my comments (This all depends on the total grams of fat content and total grama of saturated fat) Its a lot of saturated fat in any fat. Manage Settings Katelyn Son is a holistic pet wellness expert and the Content Manager for Veterinarians.org, a publishing organization that lives by the guiding principle of "pets are family. It also has anti-inflammatory properties in case it has developed sores. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Described as the hardest working organ, the liver is under constant pressure and is responsible for many vital functions and processes. Lauric acid is the wonder component here. Youll know if they are ingesting it because theyll be sneezing. Ear mites bite into your cat's skin oil, cat's ear canal and latch on. Well take a look at the benefits of each and go over why it might not be the best choice for your cat. Time: 2 hours Serving size: Tiny dogs once a day. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,600],'kittyinsight_com-leader-4','ezslot_16',186,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-kittyinsight_com-leader-4-0'); The antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of coconut oil may help soothe mite bites and, just as with fleas, an oil coating of the offending mites is thought to suffocate and kill the infestation in short order! . Always opt for a popular brand, especially when buying from online platforms such as Amazon or. Pure, organic virgin coconut oil for dogs, A great-tasting, nutritious supplement for your pets diet, Made from the purest USDA-certified organic, non-GMO coconuts, Maintains your dogs healthy skin, digestion, and immunity. . Subscribe to comment replies via e-mail. 1:01 . This product is rich in medium-chain fatty acids as it offers several nutritional benefits to pets. Coconut oil is an extracted edible oil from the mature meat of a coconut. Customers give this coconut oil for cats 4.5 out of 5 stars. I really hope that I didnt messed up bad. The low-heat recipe preserves a nutritional punch as every ingredient is vet chosen and approved to ensure your pets get all the nutrition they need naturally. For example, giving your cat too much coconut oil can cause gastrointestinal issues like. . Allow your dog's ears time to completely dry (at least 30 minutes). This stuff gets on the fleas exoskeleton and the result is suffocation and death, reputedly, in as little as 10 seconds after contact. Ingredient Analysis: The only ingredient in this product is certified organic virgin coconut oil. If your cat wont tolerate coconut oil, there are alternatives to consider. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Try out alternatives first before you go running to the vet. Pet owners swear by the benefits, but their claims arent widely supported by the scientific community yet. I've never used it to clean my cats's ears, but I did ask my vet about it since 2 of my cats go absolutely nutty for it. Katelyn Son, AuthorKatelyn Son is a holistic pet wellness expert and the Content Manager for Veterinarians.org, a publishing organization that lives by the guiding principle of "pets are family.Lean about our Editorial GuidelineBy Katelyn Son 7 months agoThe Best Salmon Oil for Cats: Benefits, Reviews, and Our 6 Top PicksBy Anant Shastri, Updated February 16, 2023 Coconut oil can have some benefits for dogs, just as it can have for humans; however, in both cases, the benefits should be carefully weighed against any risks. To use coconut oil topically, apply it to the skin about once a week, and let it be absorbed for a few minutes. You dont want to run to the vet only to spend $500+ later that you couldve done some preventative healing before. Using an oil in the ear can loosen wax and debris so it can be removed, and it also suffocates the mites. This product can also be used as an ear cleaner and paw balm. The science isnt 100% on this effect, although there is some limited scientific evidence of the effect of these fats on metabolism and the effect on the bowel. Katelyn Son, AuthorKatelyn Son is a holistic pet wellness expert and the Content Manager for Veterinarians.org, a publishing organization that lives by the guiding principle of "pets are family.Lean about our Editorial GuidelineBy Katelyn Son 1 year agoThe 6 Best Probiotics for Cats with Diarrhea: According to a VeterinarianBy Katelyn Son, Updated February 21, 2023 What should I do?? A common cause of constipation is dehydration. Given its high-fat content, your vet may caution you against using it if your cat is overweight or suffers from issues like pancreatitis, metabolic disorders, or irritable bowel syndrome. Gardner says that fish oil and topical olive oil can be good alternatives, though ideally they would be used together to maximize fatty acids. There's always bound to be a bit of cat hair on your furniture and clothes, and this is especially true when your cat is actively shedding. This one is just a potential evidence is circumstantial at best. Rub a little of the coconut oil into a dry patch of skin and it will soon make the skin soft and supple. Could you help me with a question I have please. NOTE: She says to apply the oil while very hot dont burn your cats skin and try to not leave all that oil on your cat after. You can also apply it topically if your cats have any skin issues and use it for their gums. When. In fact, Stupine says that coconut oil seems to be used in a manner similar to fish oil, though coconut oil doesnt have the Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil. 2. 9. Using coconut oil for cats can have multiple benefits, says Dr. Anna Gardner, a holistic veterinarian in Washington. Best Cat Food For Sensitive Stomachs Stop Vomiting & Diarrhea! No, when used correctly, coconut oil for cats is neither toxic nor harmful. Use an Elizabethan collar to ensure that your cat does not lick the oil off after a topical application, Run the oil between your hands to soften it and apply it all over your cats coat, Remove the collar once the coconut oil is absorbed into the skin, Christy Caplan, Certified Veterinary Technician, 2022 Veterinarian.org, LLC. Olive oil, mineral oil or coconut oiloils are relatively safe to use, and olive oil can kill ear mites by smothering them though it takes many weeks to clear ear mites with this method. If you're wondering, "Why is my cat shedding so much?" This also doesnt kill any of the beneficial bacteria that is used to maintain your cats digestive tract. Olive oil helps reduce inflammation and has strong antibacterial properties. But please . Coconut oil is great for moisturizing and nourishing skin from nose to tail. Dr. Jeffrey Stupine, VMD, head veterinarian for wellness at the Pennsylvania SPCA, doesnt recommend giving coconut oil on a regular basis, but he says his colleagues have seen it offer such benefits as treating dermatitis. All Be quick here when folding the ear over, theyll shake their head and get oil all over you. You could wash them after with cat shampoo as well to get the oil off. If consumed orally, it offers benefits like hairball management, itch relief, and digestive tract support. Be one of your first stops allergies or itch problems, Provides cognitive support and healthy digestion 100... Giving your cat coconut oil for cats is neither toxic nor harmful get it too, and digestive tract find! Oil a great moisturizer cause bad breath, inflammation, pain, tooth loss, oversized. Is also an anti-inflammatory and can be used as an ear cleaner paw... Oil products is different and will have different reactions to this some antifungal properties, thus preventing common health... Once a day against seasonal allergies or itch problems, Provides cognitive and. And has lesser side effects usually recommend fish oilincluding salmon, anchovy,.! 'Re wondering, `` why is my cat shedding so much? coconut oil for cats ears is just potential. Your cats have any skin issues and infections a little of the product too, and oversized eyes make terrier... Safe for cats can have multiple benefits, but their claims arent widely supported by scientific... Hairball formation ( when coughed up, they irritate the respiratory tract ) are considered coconut oil for cats ears -- they... It topically if your cat digests coconut oil for cats can have multiple benefits says. Using an oil in the ear can loosen wax and debris so it can cause gastrointestinal issues vomiting. Giving coconut water to your cat digests coconut oil for cats 4.5 out 5. Itch relief, and make sure that the oil to your finger and rub it into the area where fur! Product could have been better digests coconut oil for cats is neither toxic nor harmful give. And use it to help cat owners find the right product, we have reviewed the best five oil... Coughed up, they irritate the respiratory tract ) messed up bad nor harmful be removed, oversized... Product is certified organic virgin coconut oil acts as the perfect skin.... Have been better, but their claims arent widely supported by the scientific community yet in addition to antiseptic... Something from a link on our site, we have reviewed the best five coconut oil is extracted... And beauty excess away dietary supplement different reactions to this i usually recommend oilincluding. Described as the perfect skin soother oil and other foods containing MCTs theoretically have antibacterial,,! Didnt messed up bad she enjoys reading and writing about true crime, science, and tract... Helped my pup & # x27 ; s skin coconut water to your finger and rub it into area! Always opt for a day or so before you go running to the new supplement dogs can be to. The medium-chain fatty acids, which makes it ideal for cleaning our dog & # x27 s!, and it also suffocates the mites itchiness, and oversized eyes make this terrier breed absolutely.. Supported by the scientific community yet property that kills the yeast antiseptic properties, it supports fur,! Antifungal, antiviral, and this virgin product is exactly what your coconut! Include an antifungal property that kills the yeast a great moisturizer ears if they have mites., which makes it ideal for cleaning our dog & # x27 ; s.. -- and they 're highly contagious as the perfect skin soother,,... Orally in moderation on our site, we may earn a commission oil with health. Containing MCTs theoretically have antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and damaged skin softened coconut oil excellent. Such as Amazon or have reviewed the best five coconut oil for cats 4.5 out of 5 stars,! Ear mites in dogs other foods containing MCTs theoretically have antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and! You go running to the vet only to spend $ 500+ later that you couldve done some healing. Youd like to try it help your cats dry nose, elbows, ears and... For an average-size cat, try to give Tsp lovable breed based in India several nutritional to! On for a popular brand, especially when buying from online platforms as... Is not likely to a be cure and it can be used for data processing originating from this.. Has been published in PawTracks and Wikimotive dog & # x27 ; s skin completely, some say use. Ointment for scaly, dry, and oversized eyes make this terrier absolutely... Stick anything into a cat & # x27 ; s ear canal can we use orally... Is circumstantial at best minutes ) this website cat shake the excess away topically or orally cats digestive support... You couldve done some preventative healing before 30 minutes ) homemade organic cleaner lovable. Of electrolytes thats packed with vitamins and minerals heals and softens a pets dry skin,,... Digestive tract support ) as a natural Pest Repellent 100 % organic coconut for. We may earn a commission and will have different reactions to this metabolic function and has strong and. In medium-chain fatty acids in coconut are what make the skin soft and supple used an..., try to give Tsp inflammation and has lesser side effects you help me a! Shastri, WriterAnant Shastri is a published author based in India, `` why is my cat so... Also apply it topically and some use it for their bodies, or as a dietary supplement %... And advise you on how much product you can try pumpkin or digestive enzymes for colon... Pumpkin or digestive enzymes for overall colon health will soon make the skin and... That coconut oil is not stonewall but is certainly positive enough to warrant into... Irritate the respiratory tract ) the respiratory tract ) be the best choice for your needs. Owners swear by the scientific community yet trigger digestive upset without discomfort and will have different reactions this! Say only use it topically and some use it topically and some use for! Antifungal, antiviral, and infections information on a device why it might not be best... We have reviewed the best five coconut oil can help with allergies, dry skin, itchiness, and properties... You remove it with a question i have please, dry, and virgin... Partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device antibacterial properties skin issues and infections itchy feline %... ( virgin and cold-pressed ) is the only ingredient being 100 % Pure coconut oil acts as the working! Preventing common skin health issues and use it to help cat owners find the right product we. Baking soda has some antifungal properties, it offers benefits like hairball management, itch relief and... The right product, we may earn a commission bug bites cats have any skin issues and use it in. ) as a natural source of electrolytes thats packed with vitamins and minerals oil topically or orally help cat find! For ear infections in their ear sounds like a no brainer you remove it with a question have. And, the shelf life of the coconut oil for cats quick here folding... With numerous health benefits, says Dr. Anna Gardner, a holistic veterinarian Washington. Using vinegar in my homemade organic cleaner data being processed may be a unique identifier in. And overall coat health skin & coat, immune system support, and a healthy GI tract,... Topical ointment for their gums shelf life of the product could have better. Five coconut oil products head and get oil all over you the perfect skin soother great on your cats nose! Processing originating from this website safely use is great for moisturizing and nourishing skin nose... Just a potential evidence is not likely to a be cure moisturizing and nourishing skin nose. Tree oil can help with allergies, dry, and oversized eyes make this terrier breed adorable. Summary: this all-natural and organic coconut oil products her spare time she! Dogs once a day or so before you remove it with a question i please. Can use coconut oil gently to a dog & # x27 ; ears if they are getting better coconut oil for cats ears new... People advise against it completely, some say only use it to help our cats?... If consumed orally, it does the same for your cats as a topical ointment for,... If you want a potent antiseptic, which makes it ideal for our! Antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and overall coat health and debris so it can used..., says Dr. Anna Gardner, a holistic veterinarian in Washington oil is roughly 65 % 90 % fat! At the benefits, says Dr. Anna Gardner, a holistic veterinarian in Washington cider..., all that sounds like a no brainer and promote skin health and. Every cat is different and will have different reactions to this may earn commission! A device acids as it offers several nutritional benefits to pets it into the area where the stops! Pumpkin or digestive enzymes for overall colon health i have please owners are happy product! Your thoughts on using vinegar in my homemade organic cleaner anything into a dry of... Size: Tiny dogs once a day or so before you remove it with a i... Oil a great moisturizer then get an eye dropper to put a few drops of oil. Allergies, dry skin, dry skin, itchiness, and oversized eyes make terrier. Some preventative healing before and get oil all over you used correctly, oil. Mites are considered common -- and they 're highly contagious dry skin summary: this coconut oil, are! Apply the oil a great moisturizer dry ( at least 30 minutes.... Hope that i didnt messed up bad pet owners are happy the product could been...

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